Problems
Practice AI & ML algorithms with hands-on coding challenges
#
| Status | Title | Category | Difficulty | Acceptance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Sum of Array Elements ArraysLoops | Python Basics | Easy | 92.5% | |
| 2. Find Maximum Element ArraysSearch | Python Basics | Easy | 91.2% | |
| 3. Array Mean Calculator ArraysStatistics | Python Basics | Easy | 89.8% | |
| 4. Count Occurrences ArraysCounting | Python Basics | Easy | 88.5% | |
| 5. Reverse Array ArraysManipulation | Python Basics | Easy | 90.1% | |
| 6. Find Second Largest ArraysSearch | Python Basics | Easy | 82.3% | |
| 7. Remove Duplicates ArraysSet | Python Basics | Easy | 85.6% | |
| 8. Array Product ArraysMath | Python Basics | Easy | 87.9% | |
| 9. Find Index of Element ArraysSearch | Python Basics | Easy | 88.2% | |
| 10. Check Sorted Array ArraysSorting | Python Basics | Easy | 86.4% | |
| 11. Merge Two Sorted Arrays ArraysMerge | Python Basics | Easy | 84.7% | |
| 12. Rotate Array ArraysRotation | Python Basics | Easy | 79.3% | |
| 13. Filter Even Numbers ArraysFilter | Python Basics | Easy | 91.5% | |
| 14. Calculate Variance ArraysStatistics | Python Basics | Medium | 78.6% | |
| 15. Array Intersection ArraysSet Operations | Python Basics | Easy | 82.1% | |
| 16. Moving Average ArraysStatistics | Python Basics | Medium | 68.4% | |
| 17. Cumulative Sum ArraysMath | Python Basics | Easy | 85.2% | |
| 18. Normalize Array ArraysNormalization | Python Basics | Easy | 81.7% | |
| 19. Standardize Array ArraysStandardization | Python Basics | Medium | 79.8% | |
| 20. Find Outliers ArraysStatistics | Python Basics | Medium | 72.3% | |
| 21. Reshape Array ArraysReshape | NumPy | Easy | 86.5% | |
| 22. Matrix Transpose MatrixTranspose | NumPy | Easy | 88.9% | |
| 23. Matrix Addition MatrixMath | NumPy | Easy | 91.2% | |
| 24. Element-wise Multiplication MatrixHadamard | NumPy | Easy | 89.5% | |
| 25. Flatten Matrix MatrixReshape | NumPy | Easy | 90.3% | |
| 26. Create Identity Matrix MatrixCreation | NumPy | Easy | 92.1% | |
| 27. Diagonal Elements MatrixExtraction | NumPy | Easy | 87.6% | |
| 28. Matrix Trace MatrixMath | NumPy | Easy | 88.4% | |
| 29. Row Sum MatrixAggregation | NumPy | Easy | 89.7% | |
| 30. Column Mean MatrixStatistics | NumPy | Easy | 87.2% | |
| 31. Dot Product VectorsMath | Linear Algebra | Easy | 90.5% | |
| 32. Vector Magnitude VectorsNorm | Linear Algebra | Easy | 88.7% | |
| 33. Unit Vector VectorsNormalization | Linear Algebra | Easy | 85.3% | |
| 34. Cosine Similarity VectorsSimilarity | Linear Algebra | Easy | 82.6% | |
| 35. Euclidean Distance VectorsDistance | Linear Algebra | Easy | 89.1% | |
| 36. Manhattan Distance VectorsDistance | Linear Algebra | Easy | 90.8% | |
| 37. Matrix Multiplication MatrixMultiplication | Linear Algebra | Medium | 75.4% | |
| 38. Matrix Determinant 2x2 MatrixDeterminant | Linear Algebra | Easy | 86.2% | |
| 39. Matrix Determinant 3x3 MatrixDeterminant | Linear Algebra | Medium | 71.5% | |
| 40. Matrix Inverse 2x2 MatrixInverse | Linear Algebra | Medium | 74.8% | |
| 41. Solve Linear System 2x2 MatrixLinear System | Linear Algebra | Medium | 68.9% | |
| 42. Cross Product Vectors3D | Linear Algebra | Medium | 76.3% | |
| 43. Projection of Vector VectorsProjection | Linear Algebra | Medium | 72.1% | |
| 44. Angle Between Vectors VectorsGeometry | Linear Algebra | Medium | 74.5% | |
| 45. Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization VectorsOrthogonalization | Linear Algebra | Hard | 58.3% | |
| 46. Power Iteration EigenvaluesIteration | Linear Algebra | Hard | 52.7% | |
| 47. QR Decomposition MatrixDecomposition | Linear Algebra | Hard | 48.5% | |
| 48. LU Decomposition MatrixDecomposition | Linear Algebra | Hard | 45.2% | |
| 49. Singular Value Decomposition MatrixSVD | Linear Algebra | Hard | 42.8% | |
| 50. Matrix Rank MatrixRank | Linear Algebra | Medium | 65.4% | |
| 51. Simple Linear Regression RegressionSupervised Learning | Machine Learning | Medium | 78.5% | |
| 52. Multiple Linear Regression RegressionSupervised Learning | Machine Learning | Medium | 72.3% | |
| 53. Polynomial Regression RegressionPolynomial | Machine Learning | Medium | 68.9% | |
| 54. Ridge Regression (L2) RegressionRegularization | Machine Learning | Medium | 65.4% | |
| 55. Lasso Regression (L1) RegressionRegularization | Machine Learning | Hard | 55.8% | |
| 56. Elastic Net Regression RegressionRegularization | Machine Learning | Hard | 52.3% | |
| 57. Mean Squared Error MetricsLoss Function | Machine Learning | Easy | 92.1% | |
| 58. Root Mean Squared Error MetricsLoss Function | Machine Learning | Easy | 91.5% | |
| 59. Mean Absolute Error MetricsLoss Function | Machine Learning | Easy | 93.2% | |
| 60. R-Squared Score MetricsEvaluation | Machine Learning | Easy | 85.6% | |
| 61. Logistic Regression ClassificationSupervised Learning | Machine Learning | Medium | 72.8% | |
| 62. Softmax Function ClassificationActivation | Machine Learning | Easy | 82.4% | |
| 63. Multi-class Logistic Regression ClassificationMulti-class | Machine Learning | Hard | 58.6% | |
| 64. Binary Cross-Entropy Loss Loss FunctionClassification | Machine Learning | Easy | 84.7% | |
| 65. Categorical Cross-Entropy Loss FunctionClassification | Machine Learning | Medium | 76.3% | |
| 66. Accuracy Score MetricsClassification | Machine Learning | Easy | 94.5% | |
| 67. Precision Score MetricsClassification | Machine Learning | Easy | 86.2% | |
| 68. Recall Score MetricsClassification | Machine Learning | Easy | 85.8% | |
| 69. F1 Score MetricsClassification | Machine Learning | Easy | 82.4% | |
| 70. Confusion Matrix MetricsClassification | Machine Learning | Easy | 84.1% | |
| 71. ROC-AUC Score MetricsClassification | Machine Learning | Hard | 55.2% | |
| 72. K-Nearest Neighbors ClassificationKNN | Machine Learning | Medium | 74.6% | |
| 73. Weighted KNN ClassificationKNN | Machine Learning | Medium | 68.3% | |
| 74. Decision Tree Classifier ClassificationTrees | Machine Learning | Hard | 52.8% | |
| 75. Gini Impurity TreesMetrics | Machine Learning | Easy | 82.5% | |
| 76. Entropy Calculation TreesInformation Theory | Machine Learning | Easy | 80.3% | |
| 77. Random Forest Classifier ClassificationEnsemble | Machine Learning | Hard | 48.5% | |
| 78. Naive Bayes Classifier ClassificationProbabilistic | Machine Learning | Medium | 68.9% | |
| 79. Support Vector Machine ClassificationSVM | Machine Learning | Hard | 45.6% | |
| 80. Perceptron ClassificationNeural | Machine Learning | Medium | 72.4% | |
| 81. K-Means Clustering ClusteringUnsupervised | Machine Learning | Medium | 68.4% | |
| 82. K-Means++ Initialization ClusteringInitialization | Machine Learning | Medium | 62.3% | |
| 83. Elbow Method ClusteringEvaluation | Machine Learning | Easy | 78.5% | |
| 84. Silhouette Score ClusteringEvaluation | Machine Learning | Medium | 58.6% | |
| 85. Hierarchical Clustering ClusteringHierarchical | Machine Learning | Hard | 48.2% | |
| 86. DBSCAN Clustering ClusteringDensity-based | Machine Learning | Hard | 45.8% | |
| 87. Mean Shift Clustering ClusteringDensity-based | Machine Learning | Hard | 42.5% | |
| 88. Gaussian Mixture Model ClusteringProbabilistic | Machine Learning | Hard | 42.1% | |
| 89. Principal Component Analysis Dimensionality ReductionPCA | Machine Learning | Medium | 62.4% | |
| 90. Explained Variance Ratio PCAEvaluation | Machine Learning | Easy | 75.8% | |
| 91. t-SNE Implementation Dimensionality ReductionVisualization | Machine Learning | Hard | 38.5% | |
| 92. Linear Discriminant Analysis Dimensionality ReductionClassification | Machine Learning | Hard | 45.2% | |
| 93. Sigmoid Activation ActivationNeural Networks | Deep Learning | Easy | 92.5% | |
| 94. ReLU Activation ActivationNeural Networks | Deep Learning | Easy | 94.2% | |
| 95. Leaky ReLU ActivationNeural Networks | Deep Learning | Easy | 91.8% | |
| 96. Tanh Activation ActivationNeural Networks | Deep Learning | Easy | 90.5% | |
| 97. Swish Activation ActivationNeural Networks | Deep Learning | Easy | 85.6% | |
| 98. GELU Activation ActivationNeural Networks | Deep Learning | Medium | 72.4% | |
| 99. Single Neuron Neural NetworksBasics | Deep Learning | Easy | 88.9% | |
| 100. Dense Layer Neural NetworksLayers | Deep Learning | Medium | 75.6% | |
| 101. Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural NetworksMLP | Deep Learning | Medium | 77.0% | |
| 102. Backpropagation Algorithm TrainingGradients | Deep Learning | Hard | 84.0% | |
| 103. Batch Normalization NormalizationTraining | Deep Learning | Medium | 51.0% | |
| 104. Dropout Layer RegularizationTraining | Deep Learning | Medium | 58.0% | |
| 105. Adam Optimizer OptimizationTraining | Deep Learning | Medium | 65.0% | |
| 106. SGD with Momentum OptimizationTraining | Deep Learning | Medium | 72.0% | |
| 107. Learning Rate Scheduler TrainingHyperparameters | Deep Learning | Easy | 79.0% | |
| 108. Xavier Initialization InitializationTraining | Deep Learning | Easy | 86.0% | |
| 109. He Initialization InitializationTraining | Deep Learning | Easy | 53.0% | |
| 110. Gradient Clipping TrainingStability | Deep Learning | Easy | 60.0% | |
| 111. Early Stopping RegularizationTraining | Deep Learning | Easy | 67.0% | |
| 112. Cross-Validation EvaluationTraining | Deep Learning | Medium | 74.0% | |
| 113. Convolution Operation CNNConvolution | Deep Learning | Medium | 81.0% | |
| 114. Max Pooling Layer CNNPooling | Deep Learning | Easy | 88.0% | |
| 115. Average Pooling Layer CNNPooling | Deep Learning | Easy | 55.0% | |
| 116. Global Average Pooling CNNPooling | Deep Learning | Easy | 62.0% | |
| 117. Padding Strategies CNNConvolution | Deep Learning | Easy | 69.0% | |
| 118. Stride Configuration CNNConvolution | Deep Learning | Easy | 76.0% | |
| 119. Feature Map Visualization CNNVisualization | Deep Learning | Medium | 83.0% | |
| 120. Simple CNN Architecture CNNArchitecture | Deep Learning | Hard | 50.0% | |
| 121. LeNet-5 Implementation CNNArchitecture | Deep Learning | Hard | 57.0% | |
| 122. VGG Block CNNArchitecture | Deep Learning | Medium | 64.0% | |
| 123. Residual Block CNNResNet | Deep Learning | Hard | 71.0% | |
| 124. Skip Connections CNNArchitecture | Deep Learning | Medium | 78.0% | |
| 125. 1x1 Convolution CNNConvolution | Deep Learning | Easy | 85.0% | |
| 126. Depthwise Separable Conv CNNMobileNet | Deep Learning | Medium | 52.0% | |
| 127. Transposed Convolution CNNUpsampling | Deep Learning | Medium | 59.0% | |
| 128. Dilated Convolution CNNConvolution | Deep Learning | Medium | 66.0% | |
| 129. RNN Cell RNNSequence | Deep Learning | Medium | 73.0% | |
| 130. LSTM Cell RNNLSTM | Deep Learning | Hard | 80.0% | |
| 131. GRU Cell RNNGRU | Deep Learning | Hard | 87.0% | |
| 132. Bidirectional RNN RNNSequence | Deep Learning | Medium | 54.0% | |
| 133. Sequence to Sequence RNNSeq2Seq | Deep Learning | Hard | 61.0% | |
| 134. Encoder-Decoder Architecture ArchitectureSeq2Seq | Deep Learning | Hard | 68.0% | |
| 135. Vanishing Gradient Problem TrainingProblems | Deep Learning | Medium | 75.0% | |
| 136. Weight Decay RegularizationTraining | Deep Learning | Easy | 82.0% | |
| 137. L1 Regularization RegularizationSparsity | Deep Learning | Easy | 89.0% | |
| 138. L2 Regularization RegularizationTraining | Deep Learning | Easy | 56.0% | |
| 139. Data Augmentation DataAugmentation | Deep Learning | Easy | 63.0% | |
| 140. Mixup Augmentation DataAugmentation | Deep Learning | Medium | 70.0% | |
| 141. Cutout Augmentation DataAugmentation | Deep Learning | Easy | 77.0% | |
| 142. Label Smoothing TrainingRegularization | Deep Learning | Easy | 84.0% | |
| 143. Focal Loss Loss FunctionClassification | Deep Learning | Medium | 51.0% | |
| 144. Dice Loss Loss FunctionSegmentation | Deep Learning | Medium | 58.0% | |
| 145. Contrastive Loss Loss FunctionSimilarity | Deep Learning | Medium | 65.0% | |
| 146. Triplet Loss Loss FunctionMetric Learning | Deep Learning | Medium | 72.0% | |
| 147. Knowledge Distillation TrainingCompression | Deep Learning | Hard | 79.0% | |
| 148. Quantization Aware Training OptimizationDeployment | Deep Learning | Hard | 86.0% | |
| 149. Pruning Neural Networks OptimizationCompression | Deep Learning | Hard | 53.0% | |
| 150. Neural Architecture Search AutoMLArchitecture | Deep Learning | Hard | 60.0% | |
| 201. Word Tokenization TokenizationText | NLP | Easy | 57.0% | |
| 202. Sentence Tokenization TokenizationText | NLP | Easy | 64.0% | |
| 203. Subword Tokenization (BPE) TokenizationBPE | NLP | Hard | 71.0% | |
| 204. Text Cleaning Pipeline PreprocessingText | NLP | Easy | 78.0% | |
| 205. Stop Words Removal PreprocessingText | NLP | Easy | 85.0% | |
| 206. Stemming Algorithm PreprocessingText | NLP | Medium | 52.0% | |
| 207. Lemmatization PreprocessingText | NLP | Medium | 59.0% | |
| 208. N-gram Generation FeaturesText | NLP | Easy | 66.0% | |
| 209. Bag of Words FeaturesVectorization | NLP | Easy | 73.0% | |
| 210. TF-IDF Vectorizer FeaturesVectorization | NLP | Medium | 80.0% | |
| 211. Word2Vec Skip-gram EmbeddingsWord2Vec | NLP | Hard | 87.0% | |
| 212. Word2Vec CBOW EmbeddingsWord2Vec | NLP | Hard | 54.0% | |
| 213. GloVe Embeddings EmbeddingsGloVe | NLP | Hard | 61.0% | |
| 214. FastText Embeddings EmbeddingsFastText | NLP | Hard | 68.0% | |
| 215. Cosine Similarity for Text SimilarityText | NLP | Easy | 75.0% | |
| 216. Jaccard Similarity SimilarityText | NLP | Easy | 82.0% | |
| 217. Edit Distance SimilarityString | NLP | Medium | 89.0% | |
| 218. Levenshtein Distance SimilarityString | NLP | Medium | 56.0% | |
| 219. Text Classification Pipeline ClassificationText | NLP | Medium | 63.0% | |
| 220. Sentiment Analysis ClassificationSentiment | NLP | Medium | 70.0% | |
| 221. Named Entity Recognition NERSequence | NLP | Hard | 77.0% | |
| 222. Part-of-Speech Tagging POSSequence | NLP | Hard | 84.0% | |
| 223. Language Model (N-gram) Language ModelProbability | NLP | Medium | 51.0% | |
| 224. Perplexity Calculation EvaluationLanguage Model | NLP | Medium | 58.0% | |
| 225. BLEU Score EvaluationTranslation | NLP | Medium | 65.0% | |
| 226. ROUGE Score EvaluationSummarization | NLP | Medium | 72.0% | |
| 227. Attention Mechanism AttentionTransformer | NLP | Hard | 79.0% | |
| 228. Self-Attention AttentionTransformer | NLP | Hard | 86.0% | |
| 229. Multi-Head Attention AttentionTransformer | NLP | Hard | 53.0% | |
| 230. Scaled Dot-Product Attention AttentionTransformer | NLP | Hard | 60.0% | |
| 231. Positional Encoding TransformerEncoding | NLP | Medium | 67.0% | |
| 232. Transformer Encoder Block TransformerArchitecture | NLP | Hard | 74.0% | |
| 233. Transformer Decoder Block TransformerArchitecture | NLP | Hard | 81.0% | |
| 234. BERT Tokenization BERTTokenization | NLP | Medium | 88.0% | |
| 235. Masked Language Modeling BERTPretraining | NLP | Hard | 55.0% | |
| 236. Next Sentence Prediction BERTPretraining | NLP | Medium | 62.0% | |
| 237. GPT Text Generation GPTGeneration | NLP | Hard | 69.0% | |
| 238. Temperature Sampling GenerationSampling | NLP | Easy | 76.0% | |
| 239. Top-K Sampling GenerationSampling | NLP | Easy | 83.0% | |
| 240. Top-P (Nucleus) Sampling GenerationSampling | NLP | Medium | 50.0% | |
| 241. Beam Search Decoding GenerationDecoding | NLP | Hard | 57.0% | |
| 242. Greedy Decoding GenerationDecoding | NLP | Easy | 64.0% | |
| 243. Text Summarization SummarizationGeneration | NLP | Hard | 71.0% | |
| 244. Question Answering QAReading | NLP | Hard | 78.0% | |
| 245. Machine Translation TranslationSeq2Seq | NLP | Hard | 85.0% | |
| 246. Text Similarity Matching SimilarityMatching | NLP | Medium | 52.0% | |
| 247. Intent Classification ClassificationChatbot | NLP | Medium | 59.0% | |
| 248. Slot Filling NERChatbot | NLP | Hard | 66.0% | |
| 249. Coreference Resolution CoreferenceUnderstanding | NLP | Hard | 73.0% | |
| 250. Dependency Parsing ParsingSyntax | NLP | Hard | 80.0% | |
| 301. Image Loading and Display BasicsImage | Computer Vision | Easy | 77.0% | |
| 302. RGB to Grayscale ConversionImage | Computer Vision | Easy | 84.0% | |
| 303. Image Resizing TransformationImage | Computer Vision | Easy | 51.0% | |
| 304. Image Cropping TransformationImage | Computer Vision | Easy | 58.0% | |
| 305. Image Rotation TransformationImage | Computer Vision | Easy | 65.0% | |
| 306. Image Flipping TransformationImage | Computer Vision | Easy | 72.0% | |
| 307. Histogram Equalization EnhancementHistogram | Computer Vision | Medium | 79.0% | |
| 308. Image Normalization PreprocessingImage | Computer Vision | Easy | 86.0% | |
| 309. Gaussian Blur FilteringBlur | Computer Vision | Medium | 53.0% | |
| 310. Box Blur FilteringBlur | Computer Vision | Easy | 60.0% | |
| 311. Median Filter FilteringNoise | Computer Vision | Medium | 67.0% | |
| 312. Sobel Edge Detection Edge DetectionFilter | Computer Vision | Medium | 74.0% | |
| 313. Canny Edge Detection Edge DetectionClassic | Computer Vision | Hard | 81.0% | |
| 314. Laplacian Edge Detection Edge DetectionFilter | Computer Vision | Medium | 88.0% | |
| 315. Image Thresholding SegmentationBinary | Computer Vision | Easy | 55.0% | |
| 316. Otsu's Thresholding SegmentationAdaptive | Computer Vision | Medium | 62.0% | |
| 317. Adaptive Thresholding SegmentationAdaptive | Computer Vision | Medium | 69.0% | |
| 318. Morphological Operations MorphologyBinary | Computer Vision | Medium | 76.0% | |
| 319. Erosion and Dilation MorphologyBinary | Computer Vision | Easy | 83.0% | |
| 320. Opening and Closing MorphologyBinary | Computer Vision | Medium | 50.0% | |
| 321. Connected Components SegmentationLabeling | Computer Vision | Medium | 57.0% | |
| 322. Contour Detection ContourDetection | Computer Vision | Medium | 64.0% | |
| 323. Convex Hull ContourGeometry | Computer Vision | Medium | 71.0% | |
| 324. Bounding Box Detection DetectionBox | Computer Vision | Easy | 78.0% | |
| 325. Template Matching MatchingDetection | Computer Vision | Medium | 85.0% | |
| 326. Harris Corner Detection CornerFeatures | Computer Vision | Hard | 52.0% | |
| 327. SIFT Features FeaturesKeypoints | Computer Vision | Hard | 59.0% | |
| 328. HOG Features FeaturesDescriptor | Computer Vision | Hard | 66.0% | |
| 329. Image Classification CNN CNNClassification | Computer Vision | Hard | 73.0% | |
| 330. Transfer Learning TransferPretrained | Computer Vision | Medium | 80.0% | |
| 331. Fine-tuning CNN TransferTraining | Computer Vision | Medium | 87.0% | |
| 332. Data Augmentation Pipeline AugmentationData | Computer Vision | Medium | 54.0% | |
| 333. Random Crop AugmentationCrop | Computer Vision | Easy | 61.0% | |
| 334. Color Jittering AugmentationColor | Computer Vision | Easy | 68.0% | |
| 335. Random Erasing AugmentationRegularization | Computer Vision | Easy | 75.0% | |
| 336. Object Detection Basics DetectionObject | Computer Vision | Hard | 82.0% | |
| 337. Non-Maximum Suppression DetectionNMS | Computer Vision | Medium | 89.0% | |
| 338. IoU Calculation DetectionMetrics | Computer Vision | Easy | 56.0% | |
| 339. Anchor Box Generation DetectionAnchors | Computer Vision | Medium | 63.0% | |
| 340. Feature Pyramid Network DetectionFPN | Computer Vision | Hard | 70.0% | |
| 341. Semantic Segmentation SegmentationPixel | Computer Vision | Hard | 77.0% | |
| 342. U-Net Architecture SegmentationUNet | Computer Vision | Hard | 84.0% | |
| 343. Instance Segmentation SegmentationInstance | Computer Vision | Hard | 51.0% | |
| 344. Image Inpainting GenerationInpainting | Computer Vision | Hard | 58.0% | |
| 345. Style Transfer GenerationStyle | Computer Vision | Hard | 65.0% | |
| 346. Super Resolution GenerationEnhancement | Computer Vision | Hard | 72.0% | |
| 347. Face Detection DetectionFace | Computer Vision | Medium | 79.0% | |
| 348. Face Recognition RecognitionFace | Computer Vision | Hard | 86.0% | |
| 349. Facial Landmark Detection DetectionLandmarks | Computer Vision | Hard | 53.0% | |
| 350. Optical Flow MotionVideo | Computer Vision | Hard | 60.0% | |
| 401. Markov Decision Process MDPTheory | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 57.0% | |
| 402. Value Function ValueTheory | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 64.0% | |
| 403. Bellman Equation BellmanTheory | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 71.0% | |
| 404. Policy Evaluation PolicyEvaluation | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 78.0% | |
| 405. Policy Iteration PolicyIteration | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 85.0% | |
| 406. Value Iteration ValueIteration | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 52.0% | |
| 407. Monte Carlo Methods Monte CarloSampling | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 59.0% | |
| 408. Temporal Difference Learning TDLearning | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 66.0% | |
| 409. Q-Learning Algorithm Q-LearningOff-Policy | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 73.0% | |
| 410. SARSA Algorithm SARSAOn-Policy | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 80.0% | |
| 411. Expected SARSA SARSAExpected | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 87.0% | |
| 412. Double Q-Learning Q-LearningDouble | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 54.0% | |
| 413. N-step TD Learning TDN-step | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 61.0% | |
| 414. Eligibility Traces TracesTD | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 68.0% | |
| 415. Epsilon-Greedy Exploration ExplorationEpsilon | Reinforcement Learning | Easy | 75.0% | |
| 416. UCB Exploration ExplorationUCB | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 82.0% | |
| 417. Softmax Exploration ExplorationSoftmax | Reinforcement Learning | Easy | 89.0% | |
| 418. Experience Replay ReplayBuffer | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 56.0% | |
| 419. Prioritized Experience Replay ReplayPriority | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 63.0% | |
| 420. Deep Q-Network (DQN) DQNDeep RL | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 70.0% | |
| 421. Target Network DQNStability | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 77.0% | |
| 422. Dueling DQN DQNArchitecture | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 84.0% | |
| 423. Policy Gradient Theorem Policy GradientTheory | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 51.0% | |
| 424. REINFORCE Algorithm Policy GradientREINFORCE | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 58.0% | |
| 425. Actor-Critic Methods Actor-CriticHybrid | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 65.0% | |
| 426. Advantage Function AdvantageBaseline | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 72.0% | |
| 427. A2C Algorithm A2CActor-Critic | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 79.0% | |
| 428. A3C Algorithm A3CAsync | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 86.0% | |
| 429. PPO Algorithm PPOPolicy Gradient | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 53.0% | |
| 430. TRPO Algorithm TRPOTrust Region | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 60.0% | |
| 431. Reward Shaping RewardDesign | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 67.0% | |
| 432. Discount Factor Effects DiscountHyperparameter | Reinforcement Learning | Easy | 74.0% | |
| 433. Multi-Armed Bandit BanditExploration | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 81.0% | |
| 434. Contextual Bandit BanditContextual | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 88.0% | |
| 435. Thompson Sampling BanditSampling | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 55.0% | |
| 436. GridWorld Environment EnvironmentGridWorld | Reinforcement Learning | Easy | 62.0% | |
| 437. CartPole Environment EnvironmentClassic | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 69.0% | |
| 438. Mountain Car Environment EnvironmentClassic | Reinforcement Learning | Medium | 76.0% | |
| 439. Atari Game Playing AtariDeep RL | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 83.0% | |
| 440. Continuous Action Spaces ContinuousAction | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 50.0% | |
| 441. DDPG Algorithm DDPGContinuous | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 57.0% | |
| 442. TD3 Algorithm TD3Continuous | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 64.0% | |
| 443. SAC Algorithm SACEntropy | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 71.0% | |
| 444. Imitation Learning ImitationLearning | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 78.0% | |
| 445. Inverse Reinforcement Learning IRLReward | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 85.0% | |
| 446. Model-Based RL Model-BasedPlanning | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 52.0% | |
| 447. Dyna-Q Algorithm DynaModel-Based | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 59.0% | |
| 448. Monte Carlo Tree Search MCTSPlanning | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 66.0% | |
| 449. Hindsight Experience Replay HERSparse Reward | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 73.0% | |
| 450. Curiosity-Driven Exploration CuriosityExploration | Reinforcement Learning | Hard | 80.0% | |
| 451. Variational Autoencoder VAEGenerative | Generative Models | Hard | 87.0% | |
| 452. Variational Autoencoder VAEGenerative | Generative Models | Hard | 39.0% | |
| 453. GAN Discriminator GANDiscriminator | Generative Models | Hard | 58.0% | |
| 454. GAN Generator GANGenerator | Generative Models | Hard | 37.0% | |
| 455. DCGAN Implementation DCGANCNN | Generative Models | Hard | 56.0% | |
| 456. Wasserstein GAN WGANLoss | Generative Models | Hard | 35.0% | |
| 457. Conditional GAN cGANConditional | Generative Models | Hard | 54.0% | |
| 458. CycleGAN Basics CycleGANTranslation | Generative Models | Hard | 33.0% | |
| 459. Diffusion Model Basics DiffusionGenerative | Generative Models | Hard | 52.0% | |
| 460. Graph Neural Network GNNGraph | Graph Learning | Hard | 31.0% | |
| 461. Graph Convolutional Network GCNGraph | Graph Learning | Hard | 50.0% | |
| 462. Message Passing MPNNGraph | Graph Learning | Hard | 69.0% | |
| 463. Graph Attention Network GATAttention | Graph Learning | Hard | 48.0% | |
| 464. Node Classification NodeClassification | Graph Learning | Medium | 67.0% | |
| 465. Link Prediction LinkPrediction | Graph Learning | Hard | 46.0% | |
| 466. Graph Generation GraphGeneration | Graph Learning | Hard | 65.0% | |
| 467. Meta-Learning Basics MetaLearning | Meta Learning | Hard | 44.0% | |
| 468. MAML Algorithm MAMLFew-Shot | Meta Learning | Hard | 63.0% | |
| 469. Prototypical Networks PrototypicalFew-Shot | Meta Learning | Hard | 42.0% | |
| 470. Siamese Networks SiameseSimilarity | Meta Learning | Hard | 61.0% | |
| 471. Few-Shot Learning Few-ShotLearning | Meta Learning | Hard | 40.0% | |
| 472. Zero-Shot Learning Zero-ShotTransfer | Meta Learning | Hard | 59.0% | |
| 473. Continual Learning ContinualLifelong | Advanced ML | Hard | 38.0% | |
| 474. Catastrophic Forgetting ForgettingContinual | Advanced ML | Hard | 57.0% | |
| 475. Elastic Weight Consolidation EWCContinual | Advanced ML | Hard | 36.0% | |
| 476. Active Learning ActiveSampling | Advanced ML | Medium | 55.0% | |
| 477. Uncertainty Estimation UncertaintyBayesian | Advanced ML | Hard | 34.0% | |
| 478. Bayesian Neural Network BayesianNeural | Advanced ML | Hard | 53.0% | |
| 479. Monte Carlo Dropout DropoutUncertainty | Advanced ML | Medium | 32.0% | |
| 480. Ensemble Methods EnsembleAggregation | Advanced ML | Medium | 51.0% | |
| 481. Gradient Boosting BoostingEnsemble | Advanced ML | Hard | 30.0% | |
| 482. XGBoost Implementation XGBoostBoosting | Advanced ML | Hard | 49.0% | |
| 483. LightGBM Basics LightGBMBoosting | Advanced ML | Medium | 68.0% | |
| 484. CatBoost Basics CatBoostCategorical | Advanced ML | Medium | 47.0% | |
| 485. Feature Selection FeaturesSelection | Feature Engineering | Medium | 66.0% | |
| 486. Feature Importance FeaturesImportance | Feature Engineering | Medium | 45.0% | |
| 487. SHAP Values SHAPExplainability | Explainability | Hard | 64.0% | |
| 488. LIME Explanation LIMEExplainability | Explainability | Hard | 43.0% | |
| 489. Attention Visualization AttentionVisualization | Explainability | Medium | 62.0% | |
| 490. Grad-CAM GradCAMVisualization | Explainability | Hard | 41.0% | |
| 491. Saliency Maps SaliencyVisualization | Explainability | Medium | 60.0% | |
| 492. Adversarial Examples AdversarialAttack | Robustness | Hard | 39.0% | |
| 493. FGSM Attack FGSMAttack | Robustness | Medium | 58.0% | |
| 494. PGD Attack PGDAttack | Robustness | Hard | 37.0% | |
| 495. Adversarial Training AdversarialDefense | Robustness | Hard | 56.0% | |
| 496. Federated Learning FederatedPrivacy | Distributed ML | Hard | 35.0% | |
| 497. Differential Privacy PrivacyDifferential | Privacy | Hard | 54.0% | |
| 498. Model Compression CompressionEfficiency | Optimization | Hard | 33.0% | |
| 499. Neural Network Pruning PruningEfficiency | Optimization | Hard | 52.0% | |
| 500. Knowledge Distillation DistillationCompression | Optimization | Hard | 31.0% | |
| 501. Quantization QuantizationEfficiency | Optimization | Hard | 50.0% | |
| 502. Time Series Decomposition DecompositionTrend | Time Series | Medium | 69.0% | |
| 503. ARIMA Model ARIMAForecasting | Time Series | Hard | 48.0% | |
| 504. SARIMA Model SARIMASeasonal | Time Series | Hard | 67.0% | |
| 505. Exponential Smoothing SmoothingForecasting | Time Series | Medium | 46.0% | |
| 506. Prophet Forecasting ProphetForecasting | Time Series | Medium | 65.0% | |
| 507. LSTM for Time Series LSTMSequence | Time Series | Hard | 44.0% | |
| 508. Temporal Convolutional Network TCNConvolution | Time Series | Hard | 63.0% | |
| 509. Transformer for Time Series TransformerAttention | Time Series | Hard | 42.0% | |
| 510. Anomaly Detection in Time Series AnomalyDetection | Time Series | Hard | 61.0% | |
| 511. Time Series Classification ClassificationPattern | Time Series | Medium | 40.0% | |
| 512. Dynamic Time Warping DTWSimilarity | Time Series | Hard | 59.0% | |
| 513. Multivariate Time Series MultivariateForecasting | Time Series | Hard | 38.0% | |
| 514. Time Series Imputation ImputationMissing | Time Series | Medium | 57.0% | |
| 515. Sequence to Sequence Forecasting Seq2SeqForecasting | Time Series | Hard | 36.0% | |
| 516. Neural ODE for Time Series NeuralODEContinuous | Time Series | Hard | 55.0% | |
| 517. Collaborative Filtering CollaborativeFiltering | Recommender Systems | Medium | 34.0% | |
| 518. Content-Based Filtering ContentFiltering | Recommender Systems | Medium | 53.0% | |
| 519. Matrix Factorization MatrixFactorization | Recommender Systems | Hard | 32.0% | |
| 520. SVD for Recommendations SVDDecomposition | Recommender Systems | Hard | 51.0% | |
| 521. Neural Collaborative Filtering NCFNeural | Recommender Systems | Hard | 30.0% | |
| 522. Factorization Machines FMFactorization | Recommender Systems | Hard | 49.0% | |
| 523. Wide and Deep Learning WideDeep | Recommender Systems | Hard | 68.0% | |
| 524. Two-Tower Model TwoTowerRetrieval | Recommender Systems | Hard | 47.0% | |
| 525. Session-Based Recommendations SessionSequence | Recommender Systems | Hard | 66.0% | |
| 526. Knowledge Graph Recommendations KGGraph | Recommender Systems | Hard | 45.0% | |
| 527. Multi-Armed Bandit Recommendations BanditExploration | Recommender Systems | Hard | 64.0% | |
| 528. A/B Testing for Recommendations ABTestEvaluation | Recommender Systems | Medium | 43.0% | |
| 529. Click-Through Rate Prediction CTRPrediction | Recommender Systems | Hard | 62.0% | |
| 530. DeepFM Model DeepFMFactorization | Recommender Systems | Hard | 41.0% | |
| 531. Diversity in Recommendations DiversityCoverage | Recommender Systems | Medium | 60.0% | |
| 532. Audio Signal Processing AudioSignal | Audio ML | Medium | 39.0% | |
| 533. Mel Spectrogram MelSpectrogram | Audio ML | Medium | 58.0% | |
| 534. MFCC Extraction MFCCFeatures | Audio ML | Medium | 37.0% | |
| 535. Speech Recognition Basics ASRSpeech | Audio ML | Hard | 56.0% | |
| 536. CTC Loss for ASR CTCLoss | Audio ML | Hard | 35.0% | |
| 537. Wav2Vec Model Wav2VecSelf-Supervised | Audio ML | Hard | 54.0% | |
| 538. Whisper Transcription WhisperTranscription | Audio ML | Hard | 33.0% | |
| 539. Speaker Recognition SpeakerRecognition | Audio ML | Hard | 52.0% | |
| 540. Speaker Diarization DiarizationSpeaker | Audio ML | Hard | 31.0% | |
| 541. Text-to-Speech Basics TTSSynthesis | Audio ML | Hard | 50.0% | |
| 542. Voice Cloning CloningVoice | Audio ML | Hard | 69.0% | |
| 543. Emotion Recognition from Audio EmotionAudio | Audio ML | Hard | 48.0% | |
| 544. Music Genre Classification MusicClassification | Audio ML | Medium | 67.0% | |
| 545. Audio Event Detection EventDetection | Audio ML | Hard | 46.0% | |
| 546. Noise Reduction NoiseReduction | Audio ML | Medium | 65.0% | |
| 547. Model Serialization SerializationSave | MLOps | Easy | 44.0% | |
| 548. Model Versioning VersioningMLflow | MLOps | Medium | 63.0% | |
| 549. Feature Store Design FeatureStore | MLOps | Hard | 42.0% | |
| 550. Model Registry RegistryManagement | MLOps | Medium | 61.0% | |
| 551. A/B Testing Infrastructure ABTestInfrastructure | MLOps | Hard | 40.0% | |
| 552. Model Monitoring MonitoringProduction | MLOps | Hard | 59.0% | |
| 553. Data Drift Detection DriftDetection | MLOps | Hard | 38.0% | |
| 554. Concept Drift Handling ConceptDrift | MLOps | Hard | 57.0% | |
| 555. Model Retraining Pipeline RetrainingPipeline | MLOps | Hard | 36.0% | |
| 556. CI/CD for ML CICDAutomation | MLOps | Hard | 55.0% | |
| 557. Docker for ML DockerContainer | MLOps | Medium | 34.0% | |
| 558. Kubernetes for ML KubernetesOrchestration | MLOps | Hard | 53.0% | |
| 559. Model Serving with TensorFlow Serving ServingTFServing | MLOps | Hard | 32.0% | |
| 560. Model Serving with TorchServe ServingTorchServe | MLOps | Hard | 51.0% | |
| 561. ONNX Model Export ONNXExport | MLOps | Medium | 30.0% | |
| 562. Hyperparameter Search HyperparameterSearch | AutoML | Medium | 49.0% | |
| 563. Grid Search Implementation GridSearch | AutoML | Easy | 68.0% | |
| 564. Random Search Implementation RandomSearch | AutoML | Easy | 47.0% | |
| 565. Bayesian Optimization BayesianOptimization | AutoML | Hard | 66.0% | |
| 566. Neural Architecture Search NASArchitecture | AutoML | Hard | 45.0% |